Internet shutdowns are a common practice employed by many governments in response to real or potential unrest within their countries. These shutdowns usually involve the deliberate disruption of internet or mobile app services. However, this practice has faced widespread criticism due to its severe restriction on freedom of expression and infringement on people’s daily lives, particularly when used to silence dissent.
Internet shutdowns and deliberate slowdowns have become increasingly prevalent worldwide once again. According to Access Now, India has recorded the highest number of shutdowns by far, with 84 in 2022 alone. In comparison, other countries with the next highest number of shutdowns recorded around 20 each. In Ukraine, invading Russian forces cut the internet 22 times in 2022 to disrupt communications.
India holds the unenviable distinction of being the country with the highest number of internet shutdowns. Shutdowns in India are concentrated in Kashmir but also occur in Rajasthan, where they have been employed during protests, both as a preemptive measure and during the actual protests. In recent months, shutdowns have also been enforced during exams. Both regions have experienced violence stemming from tensions between Hindus and Muslims, with Kashmir also experiencing unrest in connection with the Muslim-led independence movement.
The internet has become increasingly integral to daily life, and limiting access to it can have significant financial repercussions. In India, the frequent and lengthy shutdowns have proven to be a costly affair, costing the Indian economy $164 million in 2022 alone, according to a report by Top 10 VPN, ranking it sixth in the world in terms of economic losses.